tứ thư

Definition
  1. Proper Noun:
    • The Four Books: The collective name for four foundational texts of Confucian philosophy. These books form the core curriculum for traditional Chinese imperial examinations and Confucian education. They consist of: Đại Học (The Great Learning), Trung Dung (The Doctrine of the Mean), Luận Ngữ (The Analects), and Mạnh Tử (The Mencius).
Usage Examples
  • Proper Noun:
    • "Tứ thư" là nền tảng của Nho giáo. ("The Four Books" are the foundation of Confucianism.)
    • Các nho sinh ngày xưa phải thuộc lòng "tứ thư". (Scholars of the past had to memorize "The Four Books" by heart.)
Advanced Usage
  • The term is often used in historical, philosophical, or cultural discussions to refer to the canonical texts of Confucianism, distinct from the later or complementary (The Five Classics).
    • Nghiên cứu về "tứ thư" giúp hiểu sâu sắc tư tưởng Khổng Tử. (Studying "The Four Books" helps in deeply understanding Confucius's thought.)
Variants and Related Words
  • Ngũ Kinh (n): The Five Classics. Another set of ancient Chinese texts central to Confucianism, often studied alongside the Four Books.
    • "Tứ thư" và "Ngũ Kinh" hợp thành kinh điển Nho gia. ("The Four Books" and "The Five Classics" constitute the Confucian classics.)
Synonyms
  • The Confucian Four Books: A direct descriptive synonym in English.
  • The Four Classics: A common alternative translation, though "Classics" can sometimes refer more broadly to include the Five Classics.
Related Concepts
  • Nho giáo (n): Confucianism. The ethical and philosophical system developed from the teachings of Confucius, for which the Four Books are primary texts.
  • Khổng Tử (n): Confucius. The Chinese philosopher whose teachings are recorded in , one of the Four Books.

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